Improved concrete pavement



D. W. BAILEY. CONCRETE PAVEMENT.

No. 97,149. Patented Nov. 23,1869.

Letters Patent No. 97,149, dated November 23, 1869.

1). W BAILEY, or CHELSEA, Massac usetts.

IMPROVED CONCRETE PAVEMENT.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

' To all to whom these presents shall come oflayin g street-pavements, and relates to means whereby a permanent, smooth, and very economical roadway is obtained, at reasonable cost, a distinguishing feature in the invention being such a combination of ingredients or materials that the surface of the pavement hardens almost instantly, thus doing away with one great and present objection in large and crowded tlmronghfares to the adoption of concrete or composite pavements, which consists in the fact that a con siderable period of time, frequently amounting to weeks, must elapse, after laying of the pavement, before travel can be resumed over it.

The process I have adopted in laying a composite pavement consists, then, as follows:

The substratum or foundation of earth is first brought to the requisite grade in any well-known mannor.

A quantity of asphaltum, either in a natural! state, or as prepared by a process peculiar to myself, is softcued and diluted with dead oil or heavy oil, resulting from distillation or production of tar, the dead oil serving as a vehicle whereby the asphaltum may be intimately mixed with ingredients, which are incorporated into or with it.

\Vith such asphaltum, I then incorporate, in varying quantities and proportions, according to season, climate, and circumstances, a quantity of ground slate,

soapstone, pulverized dry clay, or otherfinely powdered v analogous mineral or earthy substances, there being combined with such substances, when laid, a quantity of shells, stone, or other hard and desirable materials, the dead oil having the valuable effect of retaining the asphaltum in a tenacious and semi-elastic state, but for which it would assume,"when cold, a very hard and brittle one, while the earthy or mine al substances impart body to the mass, and prevent liquefaction and escape of the asphaltum.

1n laying apavcmenths contemplated by my invent-iou, I dispose upon the foundation or graded substratum of the roadway a layer of stones, to the depth of about one foot, (varying with circumstances and requirements of travel,) such stones varyingin size from two to ten inches in diameter-J The mixture or combination of materials above named is then heated until the mass assumes a liquid state, when a quantity is poured o er the stones, and allowed to settle itself over and about them, such liquid, when cold, serving to cement or connect such stones in an adhesive mass, by this means producing a solid and durable foundation for the succeeding deposits, to be explained.

Upon this foundation, thus acquired, I deposit a second stratum, about two and 011el1alf inches thick, of stones of a more uniform size, and of from one-half to two and one-half inches in diameter, subsequently pouring upon them a quantity of a heated mixture composed of coal-tar, asphalt, and oil of pitch, the latter of which is a refuse residuum in the production of rosin.

Upon this last-mentioned deposit of stones, smeared and cemented together as explained, I dump and distribute a layer, about one and one-half inches deep, of

concrete, composed of -fine gravel, coarse sand, and

sifted coal-ashes, mixed with a composition of asphalt, coal-tar, pine-tar, and oil of pitch, the purpose of com- ;bining this pitch with the mass being to deodorize it to a great extent, or to. disguise the odors of the as 1-phalt, thus doingaway with, to many, a great objection to theluse of,asphalt-- in pavements, crude rosin,

naphtha, or other spirits, being employed to temper or dilute the composition. I

After having solidified and condensed into a smooth surface the two strata of stones and composition, by the employment of a heavy roller, '1 apply to such surface a combination of dry, fine sand, slaked lime, and ground marble, such materials being incorporated with the substratum belowit, and forming therewith a hard wearing-thee.

The purpose in adding the lime, as above explained, is to cause the surface of the pavement to harden at once, thus securing beneficial results, as hereinbefore premised, while the object sought in adding the ground marble is to impart to the pavement an appearance of being composed of granite or other light-colored stone.

"In this last respect, my pavement is distinguished from others of its class, which are of a dark color.

' Claim.

I claim as In y invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States- A pavement for-streets, 850:, composed of materials, deposited in successive layers, substantially as hereinbefore explained.

D. W. BAILEY.

. ,Witnessesi FRED. CURTIS, E. GRIFFITH. 

